A research archive of observations, historical records, and open questions about the shape and structure of the world we stand on.
A six mile stretch of still water became the most cited observational test of the nineteenth century. What was recorded, and why it still draws attention.
Read the articleAlmost every long distance observation argument turns on how much light bends in the lower atmosphere. We give refraction the central place it deserves.
Read the articleFlight times between southern cities are among the most concrete tests available. We explain the comparison and where the data lives.
Read the articleAffordable lasers have made the curvature question testable by ordinary people. The method, and the pitfalls that invalidate most attempts.
Read the articleThe north star sits nearly motionless while the sky turns around it. We examine what that does and does not establish, including the hard problem of the southern sky.
Read the articleThe map at the centre of the United Nations emblem. Its history, its properties, and the distances it predicts in the far south.
Read the articleEach observation gets its own page, its own sourcing, and an honest account of the standard rebuttal.
Historical pamphlets, field protocols, and data tables available as downloadable PDFs in the library.
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